1) vegetable field 2) rice field
3) picturisation
1) Agriculture is the predominant occupation of two-third of working population for their livelihood.
2) Agriculture is the major source of income for about three-fourths of India's populations who live in villages.
3) Agriculture provides not only food but also raw materials for manufacturing industries like textiles, sugar, vegetable oil, jute and tobacco.
# Agriculture is not only an important occupation of the people, but also way of life, culture and custom. Most of the Indian customs and festivals are observed in consonance with agriculture seasons, activities and products.
Organic farmers try to minimize the use of minimize the use of synthetic fertilizers in the production process. Instead they try to restore fertility and productivity using croup rotation, using animal manures and by relying on humus. Those involved in organic agriculture plough and aggregate the soil of the arable land to get rid of weeds, insects and other pests. The process of pest control is however, an aggregate of many cumbersome processes. Organic pest control in fact involves allowing a minimum level of damage by pests. Then the farmer has to introduce/encourage growth of beneficial organisms. The farmer needs to gain expertise in understanding pest life cycles and interactions to ward them .
Monoculture - Industrial agriculture derives its profits from economies of scale that is achieved through practicing monoculture. Monoculture is the procedure of growing a single crop year after year. It reduces the production costs significantly and thus help the farmer to earn a higher share of profit.
Pest prone - In the absence of crop rotation, industrial agriculture has a tendency to get attacked by pests and weeds. This asks for huge reliance on pesticides and other chemicals to get rid of them. For similar reasons, a huge amount of fertilizers is also required.
Unhealthy livestock - Industrial agriculture is practiced over large arable lands. This needs a huge amount of livestock also. Often the livestocks are kept in filthy conditions thus making them susceptible to communicable diseases.
Practiced frequently - In United States, almost all major commodity crops are grown under industrial agriculture. However the practice of monoculture is frequently discontinued. Industrial agriculture has been under controversy because according to many agriculturists its benefits can't outweigh its costs.
TYPES OF FARMING:
3. Mixed Farming:
Mixed farming is the combining of two independent agricultural enterprises on the same farm.
3) picturisation
DEFINITION:
Agriculture refers to the production of food and goods through farming and forestry. Agriculture was the key development that let the rise of civilization, with the husbandry of domesticated animals and plants (i.e. crops) creating food surpluses that enabled the development of more densely ...
MEANING:
Agriculture encompasses a wide variety of specialties and techniques, including ways to expand the lands suitable for plant raising, by digging water-channels and other forms of irrigation. Cultivation of crops on arable land and the pastoral herding of livestock on rangeland remain at the foundation of agriculture.
In the past century there has been increasing concern to identify and quantify various forms of agriculture. In the developed world the range usually extends between sustainable agriculture (e.g. permaculture or organic agriculture) and intensive farming (e.g. industrial agriculture).
IMPORTANCE OF AGRICULTURE:
1) Agriculture is the predominant occupation of two-third of working population for their livelihood.
2) Agriculture is the major source of income for about three-fourths of India's populations who live in villages.
3) Agriculture provides not only food but also raw materials for manufacturing industries like textiles, sugar, vegetable oil, jute and tobacco.
# Agriculture is not only an important occupation of the people, but also way of life, culture and custom. Most of the Indian customs and festivals are observed in consonance with agriculture seasons, activities and products.
TYPES OF AGRICULTURE:
Organic agriculture:
IT refers to the concept and practice of agricultural farming which is a ecologically sustainable system focused on production using biological processes. Organic agriculture avoids the use of synthetic pesticides and genetically modified organisms (GMO) and emphasizes on sustainable agriculture to maintain the fertility of the soil as well as the health of the livestock raised without drug.
Organic Agriculture is beneficial because :
Organic farmers try to minimize the use of minimize the use of synthetic fertilizers in the production process. Instead they try to restore fertility and productivity using croup rotation, using animal manures and by relying on humus. Those involved in organic agriculture plough and aggregate the soil of the arable land to get rid of weeds, insects and other pests. The process of pest control is however, an aggregate of many cumbersome processes. Organic pest control in fact involves allowing a minimum level of damage by pests. Then the farmer has to introduce/encourage growth of beneficial organisms. The farmer needs to gain expertise in understanding pest life cycles and interactions to ward them .
Industrial agriculture:
IT is defined as a modern form of capital intensive farming in which the machinery and purchased are substituted for the labor of human beings and animals. Industrial agriculture requires huge amounts of innovation in agriculture machinery and their utilization, synthetic fertilizers and pesticides, genetic technology, large amounts of irrigation water and creates new markets for consumption. The method ofindustrial agriculture is used mostly in the developed countries
Properties of Industrial Agriculture:
Monoculture - Industrial agriculture derives its profits from economies of scale that is achieved through practicing monoculture. Monoculture is the procedure of growing a single crop year after year. It reduces the production costs significantly and thus help the farmer to earn a higher share of profit.
Pest prone - In the absence of crop rotation, industrial agriculture has a tendency to get attacked by pests and weeds. This asks for huge reliance on pesticides and other chemicals to get rid of them. For similar reasons, a huge amount of fertilizers is also required.
Unhealthy livestock - Industrial agriculture is practiced over large arable lands. This needs a huge amount of livestock also. Often the livestocks are kept in filthy conditions thus making them susceptible to communicable diseases.
Practiced frequently - In United States, almost all major commodity crops are grown under industrial agriculture. However the practice of monoculture is frequently discontinued. Industrial agriculture has been under controversy because according to many agriculturists its benefits can't outweigh its costs.
Industrial agriculture has brought into existence cheap agricultural products and at the same time has magnified the profit that goes to the pocket of the farmer.
The crop produced under industrial agriculture has developed demand in the global market also as US exports 60 percent of wheat and 30 percent of soybeans thus produced.However the environmental costs of industrial agriculture is simply huge. Besides pollution and soil destruction, it also consumes large amounts of water, energy and chemicals.
Crop agriculture:
IT encompasses the rigorous cultivation to produce fiber, food and feed. Crop agriculture also provides ingredients which are of industrial or medicinal use.Ornamental products can also be obtained through crop agriculture.Crop agriculture first made it's appearance when hunters of the stone age switched over to the culture of species which were favored.
Crop agriculture produced new variety of crops which were derived from their predecessors by choosing seeds which were comparatively larger in size and possessed other suitable features.Middle east, Southern Europe and North African countries produced sugar beet, barley,oats, wheat, millet, forage legumes in specific regions of the above mentioned countries.Crop agriculture in North America as well as South America produced tobacco, sunflowers, corn, potatoes, peanuts. Crop agriculture in China produced rice, sugarcane while bananas and citrus fruits were produced by South Asia.Latest techniques employed in crop agriculture vary vastly in its range.
Crop agriculture produced new variety of crops which were derived from their predecessors by choosing seeds which were comparatively larger in size and possessed other suitable features.Middle east, Southern Europe and North African countries produced sugar beet, barley,oats, wheat, millet, forage legumes in specific regions of the above mentioned countries.Crop agriculture in North America as well as South America produced tobacco, sunflowers, corn, potatoes, peanuts. Crop agriculture in China produced rice, sugarcane while bananas and citrus fruits were produced by South Asia.Latest techniques employed in crop agriculture vary vastly in its range.
Crop agriculture during the modern times range from management of small lands to big lands for commercial purposes.Crop agriculture farmers are well versed in the selection of those varieties of plants which are capable of adapting themselves to the varying or fluctuating soil and climatic conditions.A good crop agriculture farmer should be capable enough to store crops, harvesting crops, planting crops, growing as well as protecting crops.
TYPES OF FARMING:
1.Ranching:
Refers to the practice of grazing animals on the public lands. Some public lands may also be used for raising livestock
Refers to the practice of grazing animals on the public lands. Some public lands may also be used for raising livestock
2. Dry and Irrigated Farming:
Farming in areas where rainfall is deficient and there is no assured source of artificial irrigation, is referred to as dry farming.
Farming in areas where rainfall is deficient and there is no assured source of artificial irrigation, is referred to as dry farming.
3. Mixed Farming:
Mixed farming is the combining of two independent agricultural enterprises on the same farm.
4. Single Crop and Multi-crop Farming:
Single-crop farming is a form of specialised farming. If a farmer specialises in crop enterprise, it is left to him to produce a single crop or a multiplicity of crops.
Single-crop farming is a form of specialised farming. If a farmer specialises in crop enterprise, it is left to him to produce a single crop or a multiplicity of crops.
5. Diversified Farming:
When a farmer is engaged in a multitude of farm enterprises, it is referred to as diversified farming. If a large number of crop enterprises, with or without a number of non-crop enterprise is run by a single farmer, it is referred to as diversified farming. Raising of five or six crops makes it diversified. The motive behind diversified farming is self-sufficiency.
When a farmer is engaged in a multitude of farm enterprises, it is referred to as diversified farming. If a large number of crop enterprises, with or without a number of non-crop enterprise is run by a single farmer, it is referred to as diversified farming. Raising of five or six crops makes it diversified. The motive behind diversified farming is self-sufficiency.
6. Specialised Farming:
In a general sense, when only few enterprises are run by the farmer, in which he has acquired special knowledge, it is known as specialised farming. Specifically, specialised farming refers to only one kind of farm business such as raising food crops or rearing sheep or raising dairy cattle. Raising two to three crops makes it specialized. The motive behind specialied farming is profit.
In a general sense, when only few enterprises are run by the farmer, in which he has acquired special knowledge, it is known as specialised farming. Specifically, specialised farming refers to only one kind of farm business such as raising food crops or rearing sheep or raising dairy cattle. Raising two to three crops makes it specialized. The motive behind specialied farming is profit.
